{"success":true,"database":"eegdash","data":{"_id":"6953f4249276ef1ee07a33ee","dataset_id":"ds005494","associated_paper_doi":null,"authors":["Haydn G. Herrema","Michael J. Kahana"],"bids_version":"1.7.0","contact_info":null,"contributing_labs":null,"data_processed":false,"dataset_doi":"doi:10.18112/openneuro.ds005494.v1.0.1","datatypes":["ieeg"],"demographics":{"subjects_count":20,"ages":[39,31,27,40,49,20,36,24,39,28,35,20,29,33,34,57,56,28,30,20],"age_min":20,"age_max":57,"age_mean":33.75,"species":null,"sex_distribution":{"f":9,"m":11},"handedness_distribution":{"a":1,"r":18,"l":1}},"experimental_modalities":null,"external_links":{"source_url":"https://openneuro.org/datasets/ds005494","osf_url":null,"github_url":null,"paper_url":null},"funding":["DARPA RAM: N66001-14-2-4032"],"ingestion_fingerprint":"bb3a2f4613d9f498d4d5f0382bc31a458296b5fac1cd72aeda243cbc62a29eff","license":"CC0","n_contributing_labs":null,"name":"Cued Recall of Paired Associates with Open-Loop Stimulation at Encoding or Retrieval","readme":"### Cued Recall of Paired Associates with Open-Loop Stimulation at Encoding or Retrieval\n#### Description\nThis dataset contains behavioral events and intracranial electrophysiological recordings from a paired associates memory task with open-loop stimulation at encoding or retrieval.  The experiment consists of participants studying pairs of visually presented words, completing simple arithmetic problems that function as a distractor, and then completing a cued recall task.  The data was collected at clinical sites across the country as part of a collaboration with the Computational Memory Lab at the University of Pennsylvania.  This dataset is an open-loop stimulation version of the [PAL1](https://openneuro.org/datasets/ds005059) dataset.\nEach session contains 25 lists of the structure: encoding, distractor, cued recall.  During encooding, 6 pairs of words are presented one pair at a time.  Each pair remains on screen for 4000 ms and is followed by a 1000 ms interstimulus interval.  During the cued recall, one randomly chosen word from each pair is shown, and the participant is asked to vocally recall the other word from the pair.  Participants have 5000 ms for each recall, and then the next cue (i.e., a word from another pair) is shown.  All 6 pairs of words are tested on each list, in random order.\nThis study contains open-loop electrical stimulation of the brain during encoding or retrieval.  There is no stimulation during the distractor phase.  Stimulation is delivered to a single electrode at a time, with locations chosen in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex.  Stimulation parameters are included in the behavioral events tsv files, denoting the anode/cathode labels, amplitude, pulse frequency, pulse width, and pulse count.\n20 of the 25 lists in a session are randomly assigned as stimulation lists, 10 of which contain stimulation at encoding and 10 of which contain stimulation at retrieval.  5 lists contain no stimulation at all, and no lists contains stimulation at both encoding and retrieval.  On the encoding stimulation lists, stimulation occurs on alternating word-pairs, meaning 3 of the 6 word-pairs are presented with stimulation.  Stimulation starts 200 ms prior to the onset of the word-pair and lasts for 4.6 seconds, ending 400 ms after the offset of the word-pair.  On the retrieval stimulation lists, stimulation occurs on alternating cues, meaning 3 of the 6 recall cues have stimulation.  Stimulation starts 200 ms prior to the onset of the recall cue and lasts for 4.6 seconds, ending 400 ms after the offset of the recall cue.  Half of the stimulation lists begin with a stimulation on pair/cue and half begin with a stimulation off pair/cue, but the order of these conditions is random.\nAn encoding stimulation list that begins with a stimulation pair would look as follows (with bold indicating stimulation):\n**1A/B** | 2A/B | **3A/B** | 4A/B | **5A/B** | 6A/B\nA retrieval stimulation list that begins with a non-stimulation cue would look as follows (with bold indicating stimulation):\n3A-? | **5B-?** | 2B-? | **6A-?** | 4B-? | **1A-?**\n#### To Note\n* The iEEG recordings are labeled either \"monopolar\" or \"bipolar.\"  The monopolar recordings are referenced (typically a mastoid reference), but should always be re-referenced before analysis.  The bipolar recordings are referenced according to a paired scheme indicated by the accompanying bipolar channels tables.\n* Each subject has a unique montage of electrode locations.  MNI and Talairach coordinates are provided when available.\n* Recordings done with the Blackrock system are in units of 250 nV, while recordings done with the Medtronic system are estimated through testing to have units of 0.1 uV.  We have completed the scaling to provide values in V.\n#### Contact\nFor questions or inquiries, please contact sas-kahana-sysadmin@sas.upenn.edu.\nReferences\n----------\nAppelhoff, S., Sanderson, M., Brooks, T., Vliet, M., Quentin, R., Holdgraf, C., Chaumon, M., Mikulan, E., Tavabi, K., Höchenberger, R., Welke, D., Brunner, C., Rockhill, A., Larson, E., Gramfort, A. and Jas, M. (2019). MNE-BIDS: Organizing electrophysiological data into the BIDS format and facilitating their analysis. Journal of Open Source Software 4: (1896). https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01896\nHoldgraf, C., Appelhoff, S., Bickel, S., Bouchard, K., D'Ambrosio, S., David, O., … Hermes, D. (2019). iEEG-BIDS, extending the Brain Imaging Data Structure specification to human intracranial electrophysiology. Scientific Data, 6, 102. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0105-7","recording_modality":["ieeg"],"senior_author":null,"sessions":["0","1","2"],"size_bytes":28280448591,"source":"openneuro","study_design":null,"study_domain":null,"tasks":["PAL2"],"timestamps":{"digested_at":"2026-05-31T16:19:10.282851+00:00","dataset_created_at":null,"dataset_modified_at":null},"total_files":51,"storage":{"backend":"s3","base":"s3://openneuro.org/ds005494","raw_key":"dataset_description.json","dep_keys":["CHANGES","README","participants.json","participants.tsv"]},"tagger_meta":{"model":"openai/gpt-4o","tagged_at":"2026-06-10T08:19:41Z","source":"eegdash-llm-tagger"},"tags":{"pathology":["Healthy"],"modality":["Visual"],"type":["Memory"],"confidence":{"pathology":0.8,"modality":0.9,"type":0.9},"reasoning":{"few_shot_analysis":"The most similar few-shot example is the 'EEG: Reinforcement Learning in Parkinson's' dataset. It deals with a structured task paradigm involving reinforcement learning and decision-making. This example guides labeling by associating cognitive tasks with decision-making, particularly when the dataset involves memory or fixed-choice tasks under experimental conditions. Similarly, 'Meta-rdk: Preprocessed EEG data' involves schizophrenia patients performing a visual discrimination task, indicating a focus on perception when studying a detailed, cognitively loaded task paradigm.","metadata_analysis":"The dataset covers intracranial electrophysiological recordings from a paired associates memory task, as described in the README: 'experiment consists of participants studying pairs of visually presented words... and then completing a cued recall task'. It also mentions 'studying pairs of visually presented words' and 'a cued recall task' which suggest a focus on memory encoding and retrieval. Additionally, the README states: 'Stimulation is delivered to a single electrode at a time, with locations chosen in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex,' indicating a heavy emphasis on neural processes underlying memory and recall.","paper_abstract_analysis":"No useful paper information.","evidence_alignment_check":"1. Pathology: The metadata does not specify any clinical pathology, thus aligning with the 'Healthy' label from patterns seen in similar memory-focused studies. Few-shot examples suggest similar datasets with decision-making tasks focus on 'Healthy' populations unless specified otherwise. Here, they ALIGN. 2. Modality: The task involved visually presenting word pairs, suggesting a 'Visual' modality, consistent with what is outlined in both few-shot examples and metadata evidence. They ALIGN. 3. Type: The 'paired associates memory task', 'studying visually presented words', and 'cued recall task' strongly suggest 'Memory' as the core type. This aligns with few-shot examples focusing on memory tasks like the digit span, emphasizing memory constructs studied.","decision_summary":"1. Pathology: 'Healthy' is plausible due to lack of specified clinical conditions; evidence from metadata (the absence of any pathology indication) reaches a consensus with the 'Meta-rdk' example. 2. Modality: 'Visual' is supported by both metadata ('visually presented words') and few-shot example reference ('Meta-rdk'), suggesting visual tasks have visual modality, securing a confidence of 0.9. 3. Type: 'Memory' has multiple supports from metadata mentioning 'paired associates memory task', 'cued recall'. Few-shot examples also support this classification under given conditions aligning with language and studying paradigms, yielding a high confidence."}},"nemar_citation_count":0,"computed_title":"Cued Recall of Paired Associates with Open-Loop Stimulation at Encoding or Retrieval","nchans_counts":[{"val":88,"count":4},{"val":100,"count":4},{"val":177,"count":3},{"val":128,"count":3},{"val":68,"count":3},{"val":72,"count":3},{"val":14,"count":2},{"val":141,"count":2},{"val":85,"count":2},{"val":64,"count":2},{"val":114,"count":2},{"val":112,"count":2},{"val":16,"count":2},{"val":146,"count":1},{"val":119,"count":1},{"val":84,"count":1},{"val":86,"count":1},{"val":111,"count":1},{"val":106,"count":1},{"val":102,"count":1},{"val":121,"count":1},{"val":95,"count":1},{"val":110,"count":1},{"val":104,"count":1},{"val":122,"count":1},{"val":124,"count":1},{"val":138,"count":1},{"val":107,"count":1},{"val":96,"count":1},{"val":93,"count":1}],"sfreq_counts":[{"val":500.0,"count":35},{"val":1000.0,"count":16}],"stats_computed_at":"2026-05-31T19:34:32.601261+00:00","total_duration_s":198319.0,"canonical_name":null,"name_confidence":0.93,"name_meta":{"suggested_at":"2026-04-14T10:18:35.343Z","model":"openai/gpt-5.2 + openai/gpt-5.4-mini + deterministic_fallback"},"name_source":"author_year","author_year":"Herrema2024_Cued","bad_channels_info":null,"acknowledgements":"We thank our collaborators who have helped in the collection of this data: Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Mayo Clinic, NIH NINDS.","associated_paper_meta":null}}